Los estudios sobre «Biblia y género» no han prestado atención al paralelismo de género en la poesía hebrea bíblica, la cual juega con las referencias femeninas y masculinas entre los hemistiquios de un verso, como por ejemplo en «Salga el esposo (m) del tálamo (m) // la esposa (f) de la alcoba (f)» (Joel 2,16). Este juego de referencias paralelas es un reflejo de la representación simbólica de lo real característica de los textos bíblicos. Los poetas han visto y representado (...) siempre la naturaleza como esencia personificada, ya sea en forma masculina o en forma femenina. El paralelismo de género adquiere dimensiones más vastas y complejas cuando se verifica al nivel de estrofas o de poemas, como sucede en el Cantar y, de modo especial, en la discripción paralela de los cuerpos de la Amada y del Amado. Las preguntas paralelas acuñadas para identificar a una figura masculina o femenina de un mundo superior o misterioso, «¿Quién es esa que…?» o «¿Quién es ese que…?», convierten a la Amada del Cantar en prototipo de la nueva mujer, paralelo del prototipo de nuevo hombre que presenta el libro de Job, ambas figuras opuestas a la Eva y al Adán del relato del Paraíso en el libro del Génesis. (shrink)

The texts of the Bible treasure a high amount of theatrical potential. Thus, the book of Job constituted the basis of the Theatrum Mundi . Nevertheless, the Jewish and Christian conception of the world and history, despite its tragedies and Passions, is far removed from Greek tragedy. The figure of Job constitutes a contrast to the tragic in King Lear . An exorcistic formula from the Bible appears in Hamlet, Macbeth, and in plays of the Faustian theme –El mágico prodigioso (...) and Marlowe’s and Goethe’s Fausts –, as well as, surprisingly, in Don Quixote and in many other plays where the devil appears on stage. OscarWilde’s Salome finds inspiration in the language of Song of Songs and of apocalyptic prophecies. Rituality and sacredness are common to the Bible and theatre in the quest for representation of the invisible through the visible. (shrink)

This study focuses on the influence of the quality of services received by thalassotherapy customers on their global satisfaction and the relationship between this and the word of mouth. This study uses a hybrid SEM—classification tree analysis. The empirical findings reveal a significant relationship between the quality of each offered service and global satisfaction. This study contributes to identify tourist’s satisfaction or delight on received thalasso services through a proposed methodology. The main contribution of this work consists of the proposal (...) of a methodology to identify objectively through the opinion of tourists if they were satisfied or had reached delight. This work demonstrates, confirming what has been found in previous literature, that global satisfaction is related to the different experiences provided by the service. Thus, all hypotheses are accepted, supporting the hypotheses that relate the pool, the staff, the treatments, and the environment to satisfaction. In addition, the hypotheses that link satisfaction with the word of mouth are also supported. This theoretical implication has important practical implications for managers of the type of facilities such as those studied in this paper, since it shows that it is not enough to do well in one of the services provided if the environment or the interaction with the staff is not right. (shrink)

Panikkar, Raimon. La religión, el mundo y el cuerpo. Trads. Antoni Martínez Riu, Julio Trebolle Barrera y Martín Molinero. Barcelona: Herder, 2014. 156 pp.

Flexibility in conceptual projection constitutes one of the most challenging issues in the embodiment and conceptual metaphor literatures. We sketch a theoretical proposal that places the burden of the explanation on attentional dynamics in interaction with mental models in working memory that are constrained to be maximally coherent. A test of this theory is provided in the context of the conceptual projection of time onto the domain of space. Participants categorized words presented at different spatial locations (back–front, left–right) as referring (...) to the past or to the future. Responses were faster when the irrelevant word location was congruent with the back–past, front–future metaphoric mapping. Moreover, when a new highly task-relevant spatial frame of reference was introduced, it changed the projection of past and future onto space in a way that was congruent with the new frame (past was now projected to left space and future to right space), as predicted by the theory. This study shows that there is substantial flexibility in conceptual projection and opens a venue to study metaphoric variation across tasks, individuals, and cultures as the result of attentional dynamics. (shrink)

The valence–space metaphor research area investigates the metaphorical mapping of valenced concepts onto space. Research findings from this area indicate that positive, neutral, and negative concepts are associated with upward, midward, and downward locations, respectively, in the vertical plane. The same research area has also indicated that such concepts seem to have no preferential location on the horizontal plane. The approach–avoidance effect consists in decreasing the distance between positive stimuli and the body and increasing the distance between negative stimuli and (...) the body. Thus, the valence–space metaphor accounts for the mapping of valenced concepts onto the vertical and horizontal planes, and the approach–avoidance effect accounts for the mapping of valenced concepts onto the “depth” plane. By using a cube conceived for the study of allocation of valenced concepts onto 3D space, we show in three studies that positive concepts are placed in upward locations and near the participants’ body, negative concepts are placed in downward locations and far from the participants’ body, and neutral concepts are placed in between these concepts in both planes. (shrink)

In the third chapter of his major work, the Controversy over the Existence of the World, Roman Ingarden discusses four varieties of dependence entities might exhibit. The aim of this essay is to explore these varieties and to put the claims Ingarden makes concerning them on a rigorous footing.

El pensamiento filosófico, introducido a partir de la obra de los presocráticos, particularmente de Heráclito y Jenófanes, formula unas consideraciones sobre la creación poética, las cuales discrepan de la concepción de ella como fruto de la actividad inspiradora de la divinidad, y a partir de las cuales comienza a caracterizarse una disputa ( pálaia diáphora ) que muestra los caminos disímiles y opuestos por donde discurren el saber del poeta y el saber del filósofo. La filosofía afirma desde entonces una (...) nueva forma y un pensamiento distinto, en cuya esencia está el problema de la ciencia del saber, prescindiendo del poder inspirador de la divinidad. (shrink)

Propone develar cómo influye el narcotráfico, las formas de resistencia y reexistencia en la escuela del Norte del Valle del Cauca (Colombia). Desde un enfoque cualitativo se forman textos de las historias de vida y relatos de experiencias construidos en diálogo sobre los temas generadores Escuela y narcotráfico, analizados por medio de matrices de interpretación y su triangulación; autores, actores y maestro participante en una perspectiva hermenéutica pluritópica. En ella participan estudiantes, padres y madres de familia, docentes y otros miembros (...) de la comunidad escolar. En sus conclusiones se destaca: la marca colonial en la economía nacional (glocal); el imperativo impuesto por las precarias condiciones económicas; los altos niveles de corrupción que crean un caldo de cultivo para el surgimiento de grupos delincuenciales; la escuela como posibilidad de formación humana que resiste y reexiste al narcotráfico; las contradicciones a las que son sometidos los jóvenes en el enfoque de atención al problema del consumo y la capacidad de algunos miembros de la comunidad para construir un proyecto de vida que les permite reexistir por fuera de las lógicas del narcotráfico como sujetos históricos. (shrink)

We study the appearance of genetic information starting from a system where self-reproductive and enzymatic functions are supported by the same sort of molecules. In a first phase, the information must have arisen in the form of rate independent sequences as records of enzymatic functions. Although this stage must have played an important role in evolution, it will be shown how its evolutive capacities were blocked by the impossibility of appearance of geno/phenotype duality. Finally, a logical scheme is proposed for (...) a transition process toward a system with a code offering a simplification of the conditions required from the assumption of a maximum use of the double RNA capacity, both reproductive and enzymatic. (shrink)

Two experiments compared “Red-Green” dichromats’ empirical and metacognized capacities to discriminate basic color categories and to use the corresponding basic color terms. A first experiment used a 102-related-colors set for a pointing task to identify all the stimuli that could be named with each BCT by each R-G dichromat type. In a second experiment, a group of R-G dichromats estimated their difficulty discriminating BCCs-BCTs in a verbal task. The strong coincidences between the results derived from the pointing and the verbal (...) tasks indicated that R-G dichromats have very accurate metacognition about their capacities and limitations in the use of BCTs. Multidimensional scaling solutions derived from both tasks were very similar: BCTs in R-G dichromats were properly represented in 2D MDS solutions that clearly show one chromatic dimension and one achromatic dimension. Important concordances were found between protanopes and deuteranopes. None of these dichromats showed substantial difficulty discriminating the Red-Green pair. So, to name them “R-G” dichromats is misleading considering their empirical capacities and their metacognition. Further reasons to propose the use of the alternative denomination “Brown-Green” dichromats are also discussed. We found some relevant differences between the “Brown-Green” dichromats’ empirical and self-reported difficulties using BCTs. Their metacognition can be considered a “caricature” of their practical difficulties. This caricature omits some difficulties including their problems differentiating “white” and “black” from other BCTs, while they overestimate their limitations in differentiating the most difficult pairs. Individual differences scaling analyses indicated that the metacognition regarding the use of BCTs in “Brown-Green” dichromats, especially deuteranopes, is driven slightly more by the chromatic dimension and driven slightly less by the achromatic dimension, than their practical use of BCTs. We discuss the relevance of our results in the framework of the debate between the linguistic relativity hypothesis and the universal evolution theories. (shrink)

Why should we read Carl Schmitt today? Does his friend-enemy conception of politics retain some pertinence in our “post-political” age? Do liberal democrats have something to learn from his critique of liberalism? Is his theory of sovereignty still relevant in a globalized word? These are some if the issue that Chantal Mouffe addresses in this article. The author considers that political theorists, in order to put forward a conception of a liberal-democratic society capable to win the active support of its (...) citizens, must be willing to engage with the arguments of those who have challenged the fundamental tenets of liberalism. This means confronting some disturbing questions, usually avoided by liberals and democrats alike. The intention of this article is to contribute to such a project by scrutinizing Carl Schmitts critique of liberal democracy. To bring to the fore the pertinence and actuality of Schmitt's questioning, the theme development is organized around two topics which are currently central in political theory: the boundaries of citizenship and the nature of liberal-democratic consensus. (shrink)

En el Ion se da una explicación de la inspiración poética adjudicándole las características propias de lo irracional. Pero a través de la problemática planteada en el Banquete, la poesía misma empieza a ser convertida en un medio por el cual el filósofo puede llegar al conocimiento de las verdades abstractas. Se establece entonces un enlace entre la inspiración y el concepto, dejándose clara la compatibilidad entre los deseos de los hombres de hablar de los dioses, y la necesidad de (...) un discurso conceptualmente consistente. Pero la filosofía, todavía más, es asimilada al nivel superior de la locura adoptando de este modo un carisma particular que Platón antes ha atribuido, con explícita necesidad de desacreditarles, a la poesía y al poeta. La locura abre en el Fedro unas importantes perspectivas con las cuales cerramos el cuadro que hemos trazado a nuestra discusión, el Banquete y el Fedro, presentan como fundamento del ascenso a las esencias, eternas, no la curiosidad meramente intelectual, sino el Eros, una locura atravesada por la pasión de naturaleza incuestionablemente divina. El decurso platónico nos lleva de tal modo a un completo dominio filosófico, en el que, sin embargo, poesía y filosofía, llegan a constituir una indisoluble unidad. (shrink)

El texto ofrece una semblanza del trabajo académico, filosófico del autor, de su vida.

El presente artículo se propone examinar la relación existente entre la voluntad y laconstitución de la identidad personal al trasluz de la fenomenología de E. Husserl. Deacuerdo con las investigaciones genéticas de este autor, la voluntad se presenta primordialmentecomo un “tender pulsional”, el cual se realiza en un nivel superiorde la conciencia de un modo distinto, esto es, como actos volitivos. Una vez examinadoel carácter general de la voluntad, Husserl procede a describir los momentos correspondientesa los actos voluntarios, para luego (...) presentar la manera como éstos puedenafectar el cambio de una actitud, y con ello la manera como incide una elección o resoluciónen la construcción de la identidad personal. En la última parte del texto el autorse ocupa de la pregunta sobre la disponibilidad de la vida para dejarse transformar poractos volitivos aislados. (shrink)

En 1936, en su última obra, Crisis, Husserl afirma que la filosofía ejerce una función orientadora con respecto a la cultura. El propósito de esta investigación es mostrar que la caracterización del filósofo como "funcionario de la humanidad" está en estrecha conexión con la fenomenología de la experiencia: ciencia de la ‘doxa’, ciencia del mundo de la vida. En la década del treinta, Husserl desarrolla una fenomenología de la facticidad, fenomenología de la subjetividad trascendental, cuyo carácter es monádico, pero cuyo (...) ser tan solo adviene real mediante relaciones intersubjetivas. La ciencia del mundo de la vida permite establecer que en la raíz de la crisis de la cultura occidental se encuentran el 'dualismo psico-físico', el 'objetivismo' y el 'naturalismo'. Para superarlos se requiere revalorizar la doxa, y mostrar cómo en ella tiene lugar la constitución, el a priori, del mundo de la vida. (shrink)

The marketplace is a remarkable social institution that has greatly extended our reach so shoppers in the West can now buy fresh-cut flowers, vegetables, and tropical fruits grown halfway across the globe even in the depths of winter. However, these expanded choices have also come with considerable moral responsibilities as our economic decisions can have far-reaching effects by either ennobling or debasing human lives. Albino Barrera examines our own moral responsibilities for the distant harms of our market transactions from (...) a Christian viewpoint, identifying how the market's division of labour makes us unwitting collaborators in others' wrongdoing and in collective ills. His important account covers a range of different subjects, including law, economics, philosophy, and theology, in order to identify the injurious ripple effects of our market activities. (shrink)

In this paper, we outline a comprehensive approach to composed analogies based on the theory of conceptual spaces. Our algorithmic model understands analogy as a search procedure and builds upon the idea that analogical similarity depends on a conceptual phenomena called ‘dimensional salience.’ We distinguish between category-based, property-based, event-based, and part-whole analogies, and propose computationally-oriented methods for explicating them in terms of conceptual spaces.

In Gärdenfors and Makinson :197–245, 1994) and Gärdenfors it was shown that it is possible to model nonmonotonic inference using a classical consequence relation plus an expectation-based ordering of formulas. In this article, we argue that this framework can be significantly enriched by adopting a conceptual spaces-based analysis of the role of expectations in reasoning. In particular, we show that this can solve various epistemological issues that surround nonmonotonic and default logics. We propose some formal criteria for constructing and updating (...) expectation orderings based on conceptual spaces, and we explain how to apply them to nonmonotonic reasoning about objects and properties. (shrink)

Inauguration speech at chair number 18 of the Brasilian Academy of Philosophy.